The History of Northwestern Europe

This history takes – wherever possible – three cities: Oss, Ootmarsum and Nordhorn as its central focus points for events and developments that shaped Northwestern Europe.

• Introduction
• Paleolithic
• Mesolithic Northwestern Europe – 11000 – 6000 BCE
• Neolithic Northwestern Europe 6,000 – 2,500 BCE
• Bronze and Iron Age Northwestern Europe 2,500 – 250 BCE
• Early beliefs, paganism and religion
• On the Roman Limes 100 – 450
• Christianity steps into power vacuum – early Middle Ages
• Missionaries and Monasteries
• Germanic, Goth and Norman Invasions
• From Salli to Merovingians 250 – 750
• The Rise of the Carolingians 600 – 850
• The Arabian Caliphate
• The Start of the Middle Ages
• Feudalism and Vassalage
• Villages and Serfdom 800 – 1300
• Court System, admin, justice and political developments
• Italy and the Papal Pornocracy 800 – 1100
• Aquitaine, Aragon, Anjou and Vermandois
• Lotharingia, East and West Francia – 843-1100
• The House of Leuven shaping Brabant – 885 -1200
• Brabant emerging
• Flanders and Hainault
• Low Countries – River Lands
• Bentheim, Munster
• Frisia/Friesland
• Hamaland, Bishopric (Sticht) Utrecht incl. Oversticht (Drente, Overijssel)
• Holland and Zeeland
• Gelre and Kleve
• The arrival of the cities
• Crusades
• The battle between religion and state
• The Rise and Fall of the Catholic Church 1000 – 1550
• Heresy and Witch Hunts
• The Infallible Medieval belief system
• Popular Uprisings
• Climate Change, Floods, Famine and the Black Death
• Women in the Middle Ages
• Economic and Societal Developments
• Trade in the Middle Ages
• Knowledge and Education
• Science, Healthcare, Culture
• Early State Formation
• Duchy of Brabant – 1190 – 1407
• Dukes of Burgundy 1364 – 1482
• Brabant under Burgundian rule – 1400 – 1450
• The Habsburgs in the Low Countries
• Appendix RELIGIOUSLY, who were the Romans?
• Appendix Lords of Oss
• Appendix Hoe de Heren van Aemstel in Oss terecht kwamen (Dutch)
• Appendix Medieval Architecture (under construction)
• Appendix Oss en de gevolgen van de klimaatsveranderingen na de laatste ijstijd
• Appendix Sources and miscellaneous