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Exploring Java’s colonial legacy: Bandung, Cimahi, Yogyakarta and Surabaya

Exploring Java’s colonial legacy: Bandung, Cimahi, Yogyakarta and Surabaya Our journey across Java began in Jakarta, the former colonial capital of Batavia, whose history I have covered separately. From there we travelled to Bandung, Cimahi, Yogyakarta and Surabaya, exploring how Dutch colonial rule manifested in their architecture, urban form, and local governance. Across these cities […]

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My Great-Grandfather lived in interesting times 1848-1916

My Great-Grandfather Gerhard Herman Budde was born in 1848 in Nordhorn. Lower Saxony, Germany, close to the Dutch border. In the decades before his birth the French Revolution and the ensuing campaigns of Napoleon had change the structure of Europe forever. The French ended the 1,000-year-old feudal system of both church and secular rulers. His

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