Osnabrück – Tecklenburg nobility
INTRODUCTION
This is another noble branch of the family. Mentioned in records mainly between 1100 and 1500. They are mentioned as owners of properties and manors such as Buddenburg, Buddemuhlen, Drantum, Hange, Hesslage, Tecklenburg. They also came to Kurland where they still lived in the 1600s.
They had settled one or two of the family castles in the area as early as the 13th century. The knights Budde were amongst the first known noble families in the County of Tecklenburg. Some parts of the bishop-monarchy of Osnabrück fell within this county; other parts were within the jurisdiction of the more powerful bishop-monarchy of Munster.
As vassals, the Buddes had to swear allegiance to both the counts and the bishops and in some cases to the bailiffs of Lingen.
Coat of arms: Two rows of cut clouds (Wolkenschnitte).
Osnabrück
This city was founded in the second half of the 8th century and became a diocese, which grew into a bishop-monarchy with its own territorial rights. The town aligned itself with the powerful Hanze. The city hosted many of the preliminary talks that led to the Treaty of Munster in 1648. After the Treaty of Vienna in 1803 the diocese became part of the Kingdom of Hanover and this Kingdom became in 1866 part of Prussia.
OVERVIEW OF PROPERTIES
The nobility in North-Germany were known as ‘Burgmaenner’ (vassals). They were given the land in fief by the counts and bishops on the promise to establish a castle and settle within the bishop-monarchy and they had to assist the church in times of need. Their major task was of course to defend the territory. They had their own manor houses and a staff of armoured men. Depending on their wealth they had to provide lodging for one or more soldiers belonging to the feudal lord.
The Budde knights had several castles in the area:
- Haslage – This castle was situated on the western edge of the city of Osnabrück and belonged to one of the church parishes of this town.
- Dranthem/Tranthem – near Melle the main city of the vassal of Groenegau, 20 kms east of Osnabrück
From here they were able to extend their wealth and power and added at least two other manor houses to their possessions:
- Hange – This ‘motte-et-bayle’ castle (a fort surmounting a mound – motte – at the foot of which was an enclosed court – bailey) dates back to the 14th century. The castle is referred to as being a ‘manor house’. Hange is not far from the city of Lingen on the river Ems.
- Buddenburg – a manor house in the town of Vechta, north of Diepholz.
Through these properties the Buddes were allied to various landlords: the bishops of Osnabrück and Munster, the counts of Tecklenburg, the bailiffs of Lingen and through them in the late 16th century to the King of the Republic (Netherlands).
For close to 400 years this branch of the family played a key role in the age of chivalry. The last-known male heir of this family was knight Hugo Budde who died around 1600.
The first Budde in this region , Hermann Budde von Thranthem is mentioned in charters between 1189 and 1226.
In 1256 the Knight Conrad von Brochterbeck (vassal under the Count of Tecklenburg) is mentioned as being married to Frau von Budde. In that year they founded Gravenhorst (near Hörstel in the former county of Tecklenburg) a Cistercians monastery for the nobility In 1667 the monastery went from the Diocese Osnabrück to Munster (Bishop Bernhard von Galen). In 1808 it became, under French rule, federal property (Prussia). After it burnt down in 1822, the property, known as Buddenberg, was sold privately, but in 1925, it was bought back by the State of Westphalen.
THE BUDDES VON HASLAGE
Most probably the first place the Buddes settled was Haslage (also known as Herslage).
Next follows an overview of records that refer to this family:
- Johann von Budde de Herslage is mentioned in 1292 as belonging to the Tecklenburg nobility who promised to settle on their castle.
- Heinrich van Budde is mentioned in a document from 1312 as being a guarantor.
- Johann divides the castle property between his two sons Ludolf and Hermann (aka ‘der lange Budde’).
- Ludolf is mentioned in a deed dated 1337. He was married to Christine and had five sons: Johann, Hermann (aka ‘der kleine Budde’), Lubbert, Ludolf and Eberhard. The family is mentioned in a document of 1342 when they sold the lease rights of their farm Roleking at Wambergen. Ludolf (sr) was enfeoffed by the Bishop of Osnabrück with several farms. In this document he was referred to as the ‘Burgman’ of Haslage. In that same year also Mechthild von Budde was enfeoffed by the bishop.
- Hermann (aka ‘der lange Budde’) in 1343 built a chapel in his part of the castle in Haslage.
- Lubbert (Ludolf’s third son) owned one of the farms in 1366.
- In 1404 the ‘famulus’ (squire) Evert (Eberhard?) sold part of the farm at Wambergen.
- Heinrich von Budden is mentioned as living at Haslage in 1415 and 1417.
- Lambert von Budden who marries, as we will see later, Gertrud von Hange is the grandson of Heinrich.
THE KNIGHTS OF DRANTHEM IN THE VASSAL OF GROENEGAU
The Buddes in Herslage belonged to the same branch of the family as those living at the castle Drantum (Dranthem) near Melle the main city of Groenegau (‘green vassal’) or Groenenberg. Melle is 20 kms east of Osnabrück. This vassal had 10 Burgmannshoefe (manor houses). One of them was the Drantumer Burgmannshof. Most probably the family already enfiefed this property in the 13th century.
Rights included in the Dranthem manor
- ·a seat in the Osnabrück parliament together with all rights that went with it;
- ·the lower rights (no deer) to private hunting on their own grounds;
- ·the lower couple hunting in the bailiwicks Groenenberg, Iburg and Wittlage;
- ·the right to fish the Else;
- ·rights to use the commons;
- ·a hereditary church seats in the Melle church.
- ·as an old vassal Groenenberg’s manor was also entitled to 2 quarts of the vassals’ wine to be paid out of the bailiwick funds.
In 1336 knight Hermann Budde von Dranthem is mentioned. Nine years later, together with his wife Kunigund and his sons Hermann and Albert, he paid for a chapel to be built at the Augustine monastery at Osnabrück. Hermann also gave the Augustiner monks annual revenue of two Marks out of his farm in Melle. For this he received a daily mass held at the chapel for him and his family. Hermann was also known as Hermann von Groenenberg. He and his son Albert were both members of the Groenenberg and of the neighbouring Ravensberg vassals. In 1350 they were listed as members of the Groenenberg vassals society. This document furthermore details that Hermann had to send five and Albert four armoured men to this society. Genealogist and city archivist Falk Liebezeit concluded that this indicates considerable power of the family.
Albert married Hillegund and in 1350 he was enfeoffed with the farm and a tithe at Drantum as well as a vassal-manor at Grönenberg. In 1372 he donated an annual rent of one Mark for a memorial foundation. In 1412 his son Albert was enfeoffed with the vassal.
On January 21st 1363 Hermann other son also called Hermann, his wife Ude and their sons Johann and Hermann donated a house and a farm to the Augustine cloister in Osnabrück to pay for the ongoing maintenance of the chapel.
Around 1366 a Mathildis Budde-Drantum lived in Bielefeld, Westfalen. She was first married with N.N. Top and than second marriage with major H. K. Keselinch.
In 1426 Jutta (Ude?) Budde, widow of the deceased Hermann Budde, was enfeoffed with the Groenenberg castle fief. After this date there are no further known records of the Dranthem properties.
Historic documents indicate this manor had taken over the outermost castle-moat of the bishopric castle Groenenberg, the so-called Senfwall (mustard moat). For this it had to pay to the bailiwick treasury 4 cups of mustard or 4 Groschen (ten-pfennig pieces) and 8 pfennig.
THE BUDDES IN HANGE
Heinrich’s (from Haslage) grandson Lambert von Budde married Gertrud von Hange, aka von Vredderen (Freren). They bought the three farms in the parishes Voltlage and Recke on the 11th of September 1422. Lambert was enfeoffed by count Otto von Tecklenburg, in 1426, with the feudal goods of the late Hermann von Vredderen (his father-in-law).
In the year 1456 Lambert von Budden was mentioned in records as ‘the old one’. He was mentioned, together with his son Johann, as a witness when Gerhard von Swartewold, as the patron of the church in Thuine (near Freren), allowed the farmers of Suttrup to build a new chapel at the graveyard of this parish to replace the old building. In purchase and bail records Lambert is mentioned until 1474.
As an owner of Hange his son Lambert von Budden, who is mentioned in the records until 1483, follows him but he seems to have died without heirs.
Next in line must have been his brother Giseke von Budden, who was enfeoffed in 1487 by Count Claus von Tecklenburg with the farms as well as with the tithes of the parishes Westerkappeln, Thuine, Brochterbeck and Freren. On the 9th of January 1481 Giseke was mentioned as being married to Margarete, the daughter of the Bailiff Friedrich von Bar at Barenau Castle. The von Bar family held the hereditary rights to the office of the diocese Osnabrück. An interesting discovery at this site took place in the mid-1990s.
Barenau and the battle of the Teutoburg Forest
Barenau is an old castle in the parish Engter, 3km east of the church. A few years ago archaeologists discovered that this castle was built on the site of the famous Varus battle (battle of the Teutoburg Forest) that had taken place in the year 9 AD between the Germanic tribes and the Roman army. The Germanic tribes were successful in preventing the Romans from occupying the territory east of the river Rhine (see also: From Saxon origin).
Giseke and Margarete established, on the 14th of May 1495, an altar at the church of Freren, in honour of the family patron saints: the Virgin Mary, the Archangel Gabriel and the Three Holy Kings. In exchange the vicar held two services weekly in Freren and one in Hange for the salvation of the family of the patron of the church.
In 1518 Giseke paid his honours to Bishop Erich von Munster who had in that year conquered the castle in Lingen.
They had three sons: Gerd, Giseke and Lambert. In 1523 Gerd waived his hereditary rights to the Hange manor house in favour of his brothers. Hange was eventually passed on to the third son Lambert.
Both sons of their second son became canons at the cathedrals of Paderborn and Osnabrück.
In 1528, Lambert married Petronella von Snetlage, a daughter of Johann von Snetlage at Lonne manor house. The father of Johann, Walter, had also inherited portions of Thuine manor house that had become split up by partition and were thus passed on to Lambert, who became a patron of church and held the rights to the sexton’s office at Thuine. They interchanged these exercise rights annually with the owners of Grumsmuehlen manor house.
In 1530 Lambert established a life-annuity for his father.
Giseke (Gisbert) is mentioned in the Urbar of Ravensberg in 1556 regarding a payment made to him of one gulden in relation to property of Johann Peltzer.
When Charles V inherited the Habsburg possessions from his paternal grandfather Maximillian I in 1519 he also presided over the county of Lingen. He was crowned as the Holy Roman Emperor in 1530. Lambert von Budden was among the Lingen nobility who swore, on the 5th of October 1551, their oath of allegiance to emperor. Lambert died in 1552. Lambert and Petronella had one son, Johann. He married Adelheid von Morrien of Venhaus manor.
The Budde family here was, like their farming relatives in Wietmarschen and Emsburen, seriously affected by the 80-year war of independence between the Republic of the Netherlands and their Spanish rulers. During this period the Counts of Tecklenburg also fought with The Bishop of Munster (see also: The Treaty of Munster). William of Orange as we will see below, consequently occupied the county.
During the turmoil of these years the couple had to sell off rights to income from rental properties. When Johann died in 1571 his children were still minors. In 1583 his eldest son Gisbert von Budden is enfiefed with Hange; in 1587 he is also mentioned as a canon at the Paderborn cathedral. Another son Dietrich became a canon at the Minden cathedral. Hange was passed on to Gisbert’s third son Hugo, who is mentioned as Lord at Hange in 1593. However, soon afterwards Hugo died without having a male heir. The von Budden family thus became extinct in the male descent. In 1587 their sister, Petronella, married Otto von Schade of Ihorst manorhouse (20 km west of Diepholz). He became the new owner of Hange and of the noble house in Vechta, called Buddenburg. They had 3 children. One of them was Johan Heinrich (x Anna Kurwinkel ) Their son Otto was the first Vogt of Cappeln.(x Cath. Hoynges).
An interesting note here is that Hugo was mentioned as being a Lord (Herr zu Hange). The time of the Knights had clearly gone. The family is longer referred to as Ritters (knights).
The castle in Hange was inherited by Petronalla’s daughter (see also below). An interesting detail here is that also this family, as the farmers in Wietmarschen, remained Catholic against the orders of their ruler the bailiff of Lingen. Mass was celebrated in the house chapel in the Hange castle. In 1708 they secretly brought Giseke’s altar from the church of Freren over to this chapel.
THE BUDDENBURG IN VECHTA
The Buddes owned another manor house in the town of Vechta, north of Diepholz. This castle was known as the Buddenburg or Clodenburg. This manor house was built in 1258 and was situated at the southern end of the town. On the 4th of July 1525 Giseke was enfeoffed by the bishop of Munster Friedrich III, with the Vechta castle that he had inherited from the squire Wichmann Glode. We know that Petronella von Budden was the owner of this property in 1587.
The castle was burnt to the ground in 1633 during one of the Swedes wars (see also: War, Poverty, the Pest) , by commanders of the bishop-kingdom of Munster. The remnants were used to rebuild the city walls. There is still a small place near Vechta, which bears the name of Buddenburg.
On the 21st of April 1635 the Buddenburg fief was inherited by her eldest daughter, also named Petronella. She in turn married in 1640 Johann Casper von Lipperheide. On June 30th 1650 Johann travelled with the nobility of Lingen to The Hague to swear their allegiance to Prince William II from Orange, the new ruler over their county. They bought for 20,000 guilders the freedom of religion for their territory. In February 1665. one month before his death, Johann received from the Bishop of Munster, Bernard van Galen, the bailiff rights in Werne for his son Johann Detmar (see also: The Treaty of Munster).
Lingen under Orange
During the 80 year old war, Spanish troops had retreated to what is now the border region between the Netherlands and Germany. In 1597 Prince Maurits of Orange undertook a decisive campaign. He left The Hague with his troops on August 1 and followed the river Rhine. He conquered Rijnbeck and Meurs and than went north to Wezel and from here to Twente. Ootmarsum was conquered on October 20, from here Maurits went to Oldenzaal, Bentheim and Emsburen to arrive in Lingen on 12th November, from here he went back west via Nordhorn and Uelsen to Coevorden and Hardenberg. The Spaniards were now well and truly conquered and did not return to this region after this expedition. The border between the ‘new’ Netherlands and the various towns and regions in the German counties conquered by Maurits, was sorted out at the Treaty of Munster in 1648. The county of Lingen remained part of the Netherlands until 1702.
Despite the fact that the Buddes had died out, and the castle had been destroyed, the property kept the name Buddenburg and is again mentioned in documents dated 1679, when it was inherited by a niece of Johann. Katharina Elisabeth von Lipperheide.
The continuation of the history of the Hange and Vechta properties is well documented into current times.
Other Buddenburgs
Another Buddenburg exists near Dortmund (Luenen) which was mentioned at the end of the 13. century. It had been built by two brothers with the family name Budde. It was destroyed in 1293, because the local ruler did not approve of its existence. Later another castle was built at the same place, which still exists as Schloss Buddenburg. The last known family that lived here were known as Vridagh, Vrydagh, Frydag or Freitag (Friday) of Buddenburg. The last male member of this family died without children in 1902.
There is another town with the name of Buddenburg in northwestern Germany..
(Source: Martin Buddenborg: Buddenbo@students.uni-marburg.de)
LOHNE
Not far from Vechta is Lohne .
An Elizabeth Budde marries in the early 1500s to a Rembert von Benefuer. They were at that stage the owners of Gut Querlenburg, a farming complex, dating back to 1290, situated south of Lohne in the Brockdorfer Mark. Querlenborg was pilfered in 1594 by the Spaniards fighting against the troops of the Dutch. In that same year their daughter Fredeke von Benefuer inherited the property.
Osnabrück- other Buddes
Dorothea Elisabeth Budde was one of the godmothers of Anna Elisabeth Dorothea Brickwedde, born/christened 2 April 1745, Osnabrück. The child’s parents were Johann “Assuer” Brickwedde, c1707-1787, and Anna Elisabeth Sprenger, ??-1776. Ms Budde is recorded in the baptismal register as “Dorothea Elisabeth Budde, Frau Witt Heystermans”.
Source: Francisca Cooper franciscaccooper@franciscacooper.screaming.net
Herbern (Kreis Croesfeld)
Conradus Budde, godfather of Maria Elisabeth Bathe, christened 1 July 1715, Herbern.
Anna Maria Budde, c1720-1796, who is probably married to Johann Herman Wegmann in Herbern in 1743. In 1773 in Herbern, she was godmother to Johann Herman Henric van Lohe, whose mother was a Povel (see: Paul’s History Nordhorn).
Joh. Gerd. Budde, witness to the wedding of Engebert Nicolaus van Lohe and Catharina Gehle in Herbern on 11 February 1738. He may have been the husband of Clara Maria Lenderman known as Budde, the godmother of Joh. Gerd. Povel, christened Herbern in 1726.
Source: Francisca Cooper franciscaccooper@franciscacooper.screaming.net
Elsdorf (Kreis Rotenburg)
Gesche Budde born around 1660, married to Claus Holstein (born 1652).
Emsburen (Ahlde)
See separate chapter
Hameln
In 1616 a Hermann Heinrich Budde was born here, he died after 1654.His children are:
- Christine Sophie born 1639
- Jost Hermann born 1646
- Johan Cord born 1648
- Margarete born 1651
- Anna Sidonie born 1654
(Source: Nacy Lincoln)
In 1866 Karl Budde was born here. He became in 1910 a citizen of Verden. (Source: Kurt Emeling)
Bergneustadt
Anna Maria Katharina Richmuth Budde (born 26/2/1789, died 18/11/1858) was married to Friedrich Wilhelm Bockemuhl (born 1887, died 11/2/1855). He was a local shopkeeper.
(There is a more extensive family history on de Bockmuhl family)
Goslar im Harz
New citizen lists of Goslar:
Jürgen Budden (year 1627 No 31) April, 7th. inscription of his payment in Goslar. Goslar war die Kaiserpfalz (palace or site of the emperor) .
Georg Nicolaus Budde (year 1684 No. 31) 2. October aus Warnigerode (must be Wernigerode/Harz)
(ein Goltarbeiter = goldsmith) so sich an Herrn Ludewig von Hagen Jungfrau tochter Ilsen Marien verheiraten will. He is going to get married with the virgin daughter of Ludewig von Hagen named Ilse Marie. He was dead before 1687, because Widow Ilse Marie Budde gets married to another goldsmith from Frankfurt.
Year 1593 Goslar (tax list) (Tafelamt 1593 No. 53)
Hans Budden has to pay 10 gr(oschen)
Year 1578 Goslar (tax list) Tafelamt 1578 Nr. 9)
Cersten BUDDEN has to pay 10 gr.
see www.Goslar.de
Wietmarschen and Nordhorn
Hesse – Cassel
My great grandfather, Christian Wilhelm Budde came to the US about 1848. He was born 5 December 1835. The most specific data about his birthplace I have is in the 1880 census where he gave it as Hesse-Cassel (ed. Hesse-Cassel was a small German state in preunification Germany that included Kassel as well as additional territory) , parents also born in Hessen. Based on a mangled name on his death certificate, his father’s name was probably Christian. Based on an entry in the census in 1850 that omits the family name, I suspect his mother’s name was Barbara.
In Illinois his name appears in the 1850, 1860, and 1870 censuses as William Boody. After moving to Minnesota, the family reverted to Budde. We pronounce the name to rhyme with Judy. http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=rtegen&id=I00105
Ralph Edwards